Notice: Something have changed within the Chrome API. To prevent all tabs from closing, you need to click somewhere on this page, then the protection will work.
For example, just click here, then the closing-prevention will work.
Google Chrome doesn't prevent the user from closing all tabs when you close the windows / the whole browser. There are no options to activate this protection. You can add this website to your bookmarks and set it as one of your start pages. This site will then prevent Google Chrome from closing all tabs by asking you to approve it.
Do you want that Google Chrome re-opens all the tabs you had open when you quit the browser? Then click in your Browser on the top right symbol with the three dots und then click on "Settings". Scroll down till you see the section "On startup". Activate "Continue where you left off".
That's it!